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conferences. This allows the USGBC
to revise LEED and conduct research.
Third-party verification to assure
compliance on commercial and in-
stitutional projects as of 2008 has
gone to the Green Building Certifica-
tion Institute (GBCI). Regardless of
the LEED project, all must undergo
third-party verification in order to
receive LEED ratings of certified, sil-
ver, gold and platinum.
Life cycle assessment (LCA)
A comprehensive environmen-
tal assessment of the impact of a
product or process, from inception
to the end of its “life.” The assess-
ment includes transportation of raw
materials to the manufacturer, manu-
facturing of materials, transportation
of materials to the product manu-
facturer, manufacturing of product,
transportation of product to end
users, impact of product by end user
including disposal of product at its
end of life.
The assessment has been used as
a tool to evaluate a product’s or com-
pany’s eco-performance, which in turn
ed t
There are three different methods
used in lifecycle analysis:
1. process or bottom-up LCA using
ISO 14040-2006 and 14044-
2006 protocols;
2. economic input output or EIO-
LCA; and
3. hybrid LCA, a combination of
mic in-
LCAs are used as a tool to evalu-
ate a product or company’s eco-per-
formance, which in turn can be used
to improve it.
Life Cycle Management (LCM)
An integrated approach to sustain-
able production and consumption
through the management of a prod-
uct’s or process’ life cycle.
Life Cycle Energy
Analysis (LCEA)
The total life cycle energy input.
Criticism in utilizing LCEAs include
the argument that different energy
sources have different potential value
(exergy). Additionally, critics contend
that LCEAs’ energy currency cannot
supplant economic currency as the
determinant in business.
Methane
Methane is a colorless odorless
gas at room temperature and stan-
dard pressure. It is the main compo-
nent of natural gas. One of the green-
house gases, methane is of interest
because of its abundance on earth
and its continually growing, climate-
changing potential. Its carbon dioxide
(CO2) equivalent over a 100-year
period is 34, revised up nine units of
equivalence with the newly released
2013 Fifth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
DataPoints
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